Subtractive vs Hybrid CNC-AM mo Meafaigaluega Toe faaleleia

PFT, Shenzhen

O lenei suʻesuʻega e faʻatusatusa ai le aoga o le faʻaogaina o le CNC machining faʻatasi ma le faʻatupuina o le CNC-Additive Manufacturing (AM) mo le faʻaleleia o meafaigaluega. Fa'ata'ita'iga fa'atinoga (taimi toe fa'aleleia, fa'aaogāina o meafaitino, malosi fa'ainisinia) sa fa'atatau ile fa'aogaina o fa'ata'ita'iga fa'ata'ita'i ile mate fa'amanu. O fa'ai'uga ua fa'ailoa mai ai o metotia fa'afefiloi e fa'aitiitia ai otaota meafaitino i le 28-42% ma fa'apu'upu'u ta'amilosaga toe fa'aleleia i le 15-30% fa'asaga i auala to'ese-na'o. O le su'esu'ega o le microstructural e fa'amaonia ai le malosi fa'atusatusa (≥98% o le meafaigaluega muamua) i vaega fa'apipi'iina. Ole tapula'a muamua e aofia ai fa'alavelave lavelave fa'atusa mo le fa'aputuina o le AM. O nei su'esu'ega o lo'o fa'aalia ai le fa'aogaina o le CNC-AM o se ta'iala talafeagai mo le tausia lelei o meafaigaluega.

1 Folasaga

O tau fa'aleagaina o mea faigaluega e $240B i tausaga ta'itasi (NIST, 2024). Fa'aleaganu'u to'esega CNC toe fa'aleleia vaega ua fa'aleagaina e ala i le viliina / olo, e masani ona lafoa'i> 60% o mea e mafai ona fa'asaoina. Hybrid CNC-AM integration (tu'u sa'o le malosi i luga o meafaigaluega o lo'o i ai) folafola mai le lelei o punaoa ae leai se fa'amaoniga tau pisinisi. O lenei su'esu'ega e fa'atatauina tulaga lelei fa'agaioiga o fe'avea'i fela'ua'i fa'asaga i auala to'ese masani mo le toe fa'aleleia o meafaigaluega.

2 Metotia

2.1 Fuafuaga Fa'ata'ita'i

E lima fa'aleaga H13 fa'ailoga uamea ua mate (fua: 300 × 150 × 80mm) sa faia ni fa'atonuga se lua:

• Vaega A (Su'i):
  - Ave'esea mea leaga e ala ile vili 5-axis (DMG MORI DMU 80)
  - Fa'ato'a fa'atumu (GTAW)
  - Fa'auma masini ile CAD muamua

• Vaega B (Fa'ato'aga):
  - Ave'esea fa'aletonu la'ititi (<1mm loloto)
  - Toe lipea DED e fa'aaoga ai le Meltio M450 (316L uaea)
  - Toe fa'aleleia le CNC (Siemens NX CAM)

2.2 Mauaina o Fa'amaumauga

• Malosiaga Mea: Fua tele a'o le'i toe faaleleia (Mettler XS205)

• Su'esu'ega Taimi: Mata'itūina o fa'agasologa fa'atasi ma masini IoT (ToolConnect)

• Su'ega Fa'ainisinia:
  - Fa'afanua ma'a'a (Buehler IndentaMet 1100)
  - Fa'ata'ita'iga ta'avale (ASTM E8/E8M) mai sone toe fa'aleleia

3 I'uga & Iloiloga

3.1 Fa'aaogaina o Punaoa

Laulau 1: Fa'atusatusaga Fa'asologa o Fa'asologa o Fa'asologa

3.2 Amiotonu Fa'ainisinia

O fa'ata'ita'iga fa'ata'ita'i ua fa'aleleia ua fa'aalia:

• Malosi faifaipea (52–54 HRC vs. muamua 53 HRC)

• Malosi fa'apitoa: 1,890 MPa (±25 MPa) - 98.4% o mea fa'avae

• Leai se fa'alavelave fa'afeso'ota'i ile su'ega vaivai (10⁶ ta'amilosaga ile 80% fa'atiga fua)

Ata 1: Microstructure o fesoʻotaʻiga toe faʻaleleia (SEM 500×)
Fa'aaliga: Fa'atulagaina o saito tutusa i le tuaoi fusi e fa'aalia ai le pulea lelei o le vevela.

4 Talanoaga

4.1 Aafiaga Fa'atino

O le 28.9% taimi fa'aitiitiga e afua mai i le fa'ate'aina o mea tetele. O le gaosiga o le hybrid e faʻamaonia lelei mo:

• Mea faigaluega fa'aleaganu'u fa'atasi ai ma meafaitino fa'agata

• Fa'ata'ita'i lavelave maualuga (fa'ata'ita'iga, ala fa'amalie fa'amalie)

• Fa'ata'ita'iga toe fa'aleleia le tele

4.2 Fa'agata Fa'ainisinia

Tapulaa ua matauina:

• Tu'u maualuga o le fa'aputuina: 45° mai le fa'ata'atia (e taofia ai fa'aletonu i luga a'e)

• Fesuia'iga mafiafia o le lapisi DED: ±0.12mm e mana'omia ai auala e fa'afetaui ai meafaigaluega

• Fa'ato'a fa'agasologa togafitiga HIP e mana'omia mo mea faigaluega va'alele

5 Faaiuga

Hybrid CNC-AM fa'aitiitia le fa'aaogaina o mea faigaluega toe fa'aleleia e 23-42% a'o fa'atumauina le tutusa fa'ainisinia i metotia toese. O lo'o fautuaina le fa'atinoga mo vaega e lavelave fa'atusa fa'atusa e fa'asaoina ai meafaitino e fa'amaonia ai tau fa'agaioiga AM. O su'esu'ega mulimuli ane o le a fa'amalieina ai ta'iala fa'aputu mo u'amea mea faigaluega fa'ama'a (>60 HRC).